A) Clarifies a rhetor's understanding an issue before composing an argument
- audiences' opinions, assumptions, values
- areas where more research can be done
- possible proofs to support argument
- effective arrangement of these proofs
Exercise:
Topic: Voting/Political Participation
Question: Should young adults participate in the politcal process?
General vs. Specific: "young adults" = a little bit of both
Theoretical vs. Practical (abstract ideas vs. action/specific activities): More Practical
What is it?
Conjecture: Is there an act to be considered?
a) "purity" of the democratic process
b) lack of political participation
Examples: Is there a lack of political participation? What causes this lack? How can this lack be changed? Are political parties targeting them?
Definition: What kind of thing or event is it? To what larger class of things does it belong? What are its parts? How are they relating?
Examples: What kind of thing is voting? To what larger class of things does voting belong?
Quality: Is it a good or a bad thing? Should it be sought or avoided? is it right or wrong? Is it honorable or dishonorable?
Comparative Quality: is it more desirable than any alternatives? Or less desirable? is it more or less right than something else? Is it more base than something else?
Examples: Is it right to vote without knowing the issues and candidates vs. not voting at all? Is it honorable to vote for a candidate whose ideas you support but you know isn't going to win? Is it more base to pay attention to the political process when there is so much negativity, or is it more base to "tune off"? Is it honorable to vote? Is it a good thing to participate in the political process? Is it better for the youth to participate in the process or should the "experianced" make the decisions?
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